Inhibitory control and obesity in adolescents: A prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Inhibitory control (IC) is an executive function that plays a central role in the capability to control one's attention and behavior. Growing evidence suggests that deficits in IC are related to calorie consumption and obesity development. However, there are only a few studies that have addressed this issue prospectively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of IC on anthropometric changes at one year follow up in a cohort of Argentinian adolescents. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 569 students (264 boys and 305 girls) aged 13.18 ± 0.36 years at initial evaluation and 14.22 ± 0.29 years at follow up was performed. IC was assessed at baseline and at follow up by means of a computerized Go/No-Go task, and anthropometric measures were performed following standardized procedures. At follow up an abbreviated Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21C) was performed. RESULTS: Cross sectional analysis performed at the age of 14 revealed an association between IC and obesity, meanwhile at the age of 13 IC was associated with the degree of obesity. Prospective analysis showed that a lower IC at baseline predicted a higher increase in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference at one year of follow up. Subjects with lower IC at follow up rated higher in the uncontrolled eating domain of TFEQ-R21C and presented higher snacking frequency. CONCLUSIONS: A higher IC capacity at baseline might be associated with a more favorable evolution in BMI and waist circumference. A low IC at follow up is associated with obesity and higher uncontrolled eating. This suggests that the identification of subjects with low IC might be useful in order to detect adolescents at risk of obesity at earlier stages.

Prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño en adolescentes y su relación con la presencia de obesidad e hipertensión arterial / Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing among adolescents and its association with the presence of obesity and hypertension

Introducción: El aumento de prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) y su relación con obesidad e hipertensión arterial (HTA) ha sido poco explorado en adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de TRS y ronquido en esta población y analizar su asociación con obesidad e HTA. Población y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de adolescentes. Se realizaron mediciones de peso, talla, perímetro de cintura y cuello, tensión arterial, y el Cuestionario de Sueño Pediátrico (PSQ, por su sigla en inglés). Resultados: Participaron 826 adolescentes, 58 (7 %) presentaron TRS (varones: 5,8 %; mujeres: 8 %) y 80 (9,7 %) se consideraron roncadores (varones: 10,4 %; mujeres: 9,1 %). Se detectaron sobrepeso y obesidad en 216 (26,2 %) y 149 (18 %) sujetos, respectivamente. Una mayor proporción de sujetos con obesidad presentaron TRS con respecto a quienes no tenían obesidad (12,8 % versus 5,8 %; p = 0,004). La misma asociación fue encontrada para el ronquido (18,2 % versus 7,8 %; <0,001). El 24,6 % dormía menos de 8 horas por día. El 12,6 % presentó valores compatibles con HTA, con una asociación significativa con obesidad y horas de sueño. Conclusión: Se observó una prevalencia elevada de TRS y ronquido en adolescentes y una asociación entre obesidad e HTA, que pone de manifiesto la importancia de abordar esta problemática de manera temprana a fin de evitar complicaciones

ntroduction: The increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its association with obesity and hypertension (HTN) have not been thoroughly explored in adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SDB and snoring in this population and analyze its association with obesity and HTN. Population and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of adolescents. Weight, height, waist and neck circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered. Results: A total of 826 adolescents participated, 58 (7 %) had SDB (males: 5.8 %; females: 8 %), and 80 (9.7 %) were considered snorers (males: 10.4 %; females: 9.1 %). Overweight and obesity were detected in 216 (26.2 %) and 149 (18 %) participants, respectively. A higher proportion of subjects with obesity had SDB compared to those who were not obese (12.8 % versus 5.8 %; p = 0.004). The same association was observed with snoring (18.2 % versus 7.8 %; p < 0.001). Also, 24.6 % slept less than 8 hours a day and 12.6 % had values compatible with HTN, with a significant association with obesity and sleep hours. Conclusion: A high prevalence of SDB and snoring was observed in adolescents, together with an association with obesity and HTN, which highlights the relevance of addressing this problem in an early manner in order to prevent complications

Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing among adolescents and its association with the presence of obesity and hypertension. / Prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño en adolescentes y su relación con la presencia de obesidad e hipertensión arterial.

INTRODUCTION: The increased prevalence of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) and its association with obesity and hypertension (HTN) have not been thoroughly explored in adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SDB and snoring in this population and analyze its association with obesity and HTN. POPULATION AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of adolescents. Weight, height, waist and neck circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered. RESULTS: A total of 826 adolescents participated, 58 (7%) had SDB (males: 5.8%; females: 8%), and 80 (9.7%) were considered snorers (males: 10.4%; females: 9.1%). Overweight and obesity were detected in 216 (26.2%) and 149 (18%) participants, respectively. A higher proportion of subjects with obesity had SDB compared to those who were not obese (12.8% versus 5.8%; p = 0.004). The same association was observed with snoring (18.2% versus 7.8%; p < 0.001). Also, 24.6% slept less than 8 hours a day and 12.6% had values compatible with HTN, with a significant association with obesity and sleep hours. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of SDB and snoring was observed in adolescents, together with an association with obesity and HTN, which highlights the relevance of addressing this problem in an early manner in order to prevent complications.

Introducción: El aumento de prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) y su relación con obesidad e hipertensión arterial (HTA) ha sido poco explorado en adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de TRS y ronquido en esta población y analizar su asociación con obesidad e HTA. Población y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de adolescentes. Se realizaron mediciones de peso, talla, perímetro de cintura y cuello, tensión arterial, y el Cuestionario de Sueño Pediátrico (PSQ, por su sigla en inglés). Resultados: Participaron 826 adolescentes, 58 (7%) presentaron TRS (varones: 5,8%; mujeres: 8%) y 80 (9,7%) se consideraron roncadores (varones: 10,4%; mujeres: 9,1%). Se detectaron sobrepeso y obesidad en 216 (26,2%) y 149 (18%) sujetos, respectivamente. Una mayor proporción de sujetos con obesidad presentaron TRS con respecto a quienes no tenían obesidad (12,8% versus 5,8%; p = 0,004). La misma asociación fue encontrada para el ronquido (18,2% versus 7,8%;<0,001). El 24,6% dormía menos de 8 horas por día. El 12,6% presentó valores compatibles con HTA, con una asociación significativa con obesidad y horas de sueño. Conclusión: Se observó una prevalencia elevada de TRS y ronquido en adolescentes y una asociación entre obesidad e HTA, que pone de manifiesto la importancia de abordar esta problemática de manera temprana a fin de evitar complicaciones.

Underweight, overweight and obesity prevalence among adolescent school children in the Province of La Pamp Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: While different epidemiological studies as part of their survey include data of adolescents of the province of La Pampa regarding overweight and obesity prevalence, their experimental designs have certain limitations as far as the description of the regional reality. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a diagnosis of the situation regarding the body composition profile among 13 year old adolescents in the Province of La Pampa. POPULATION AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of male and female adolescents born in 2001. Weight, height, waist circumference, scapular and tricipital skinfolds were measured. RESULTS: Of the 711 adolescents assessed, 5 subjects (0.7%) had a weight below the third percentile for age and sex. In relation to overweight and obesity, the sample values were 26.4% and 14.1%, respectively (27.5% and 16.9% of male; 25.5% and 11.7% of female adolescents). Of the total sample, 15.8% (16.5% of male and 15.6% of female adolescents) had waist circumference values compatible with abdominal obesity. As far as body fat values, 36.8% (37.4% of male and 36% of female adolescents) had above normal values according to skinfold thickness measurements. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with the small prevalence of low weight in the region, overweight and obesity are a significant problem among the studied population in La Pampa.

INTRODUCTION: Introducción. Mientras que diversos estudios epidemiológicos incluyen como parte de su relevamiento datos de jóvenes de la provincia de La Pampa en relación con la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, sus diseños experimentales presentan ciertas limitaciones en cuanto a la descripción de la realidad regional. OBJECTIVE: Obtener un diagnóstico de situación acerca del perfil de composición corporal de adolescentes de 13 años de edad de la provincia de La Pampa. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en una muestra de varones y niñas nacidos en el año 2001, a los que se les tomó peso, tall perímetro de cintur pliegue subescapular y tricipital. RESULTS: De los 711 varones y niñas evaluados, 5 sujetos (0,7%) presentaron un peso por debajo del percentilo 3 para sexo y edad. En lo que hace a sobrepeso y obesidad, los valores de la muestra fueron 26,4% y 14,1%, respectivamente (27,5% y 16,9% en varones; 25,5% y 11,7% en niñas). Un 15,8% del total de la muestra (16,5% de los varones y 15,6% de las niñas) presentó valores de perímetro de cintura compatibles con obesidad abdominal. Un 36,8% (37,4% de varones y 36% de mujeres) mostró valores de grasa por encima de lo normal de acuerdo con la evaluación realizada a partir de los pliegues cutáneos. CONCLUSIÓN: En contraposición a la pequeña prevalencia de bajo peso en la región, el sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen una problemática de magnitudes elevadas en nuestra provincia en lapoblación estudiada.